Internal-combustion engine.



IVI. CARBONE. `INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 7 1912.

25, 1916. 3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

.LL An d .mw

w M DI.

" I/I//T/l/ESSES.'

CARBONE. INTERNAL COMBUSTIUN ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 7 1912.

Patented Apr. 25, 1916.

Lwmw.,

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

zal. 8 9, 2 41 2 2 WIT/msgs.-

Wi. CARBONE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED IEB. I. I9I2.

Eatented Apr. 25,1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

.In l I l`lx h Ezz@ /l III U 115 W/T/l/ESSEAS.' I /VVEVTOR nro enorm, orrvnvv voru r Application med February l?, 191% temuto. www3.

'To all whom it may concern:

Be it mown that l, "i M: @Anuman-re siding at New York, in the county ofNew York and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulimprovements in lnternaLCombustion Engines, of which the following is aspecication.

This -invention relates to bustion engines, and more particularly tointernal combustion engines of the four cycle type which. are adapted to'the use of relatively heavy oil fuels. y

@ne of the objects of the invention is to provide an engine of theabovecharacter wherein the number of valves employed are reduced, thusreducing the percentage of leakage and simplifying the construction.

Another object is to provide improved valve mechanism for governing asingle port which is adapted for both intake and ex hanst purposes. h

Another object is to provide new and im proved starting means for anengine of the above character, whereby Yinitial* external heating iseliminated, thus avoiding an uneven expansion of the cylinder head andthe associatedparts, and the liability of cracking due to suchdiderential expansion.

Another object is to provide means whereby an engine of this charactermay be started by the use of a minimum amount of compressed air which isused herein as a starting medium.

Still another object is to provide an improved meansfor operating theintake and exhaust controlling valves of a multi-cylinder engine. I f

A further object. is to provide improved means for igniting theexplosive mixture in engines of the type described herein.

Other objects will be in part obvious and in partpointed out during thecourse of the 4 following 'y description of my invention the scope ofthe protection sought will be u which-consists in the features ofconstruction,.combinations ofelements and arrangements of partshereinafter descrlbed, and

indicated in the appended claims.

lin Athev accompanying Vvdrawlngs which illustrate a preferred form ofembodiment of mv invention, Figure l is a vertical sectional view takenthrough'aninternal combustion engine, constructed inaccordancey.

with my invention; Fig. 2 illustrates ele-3 specification of LetteraPat.

internal corn` TERNI@ -UMEIBUSTIUN ENG.

patented apr.; :e

vationand plan a cam device employed for operating the valve mechanism;Fig. 3 isl a view similar to Fig. l, but taken in a plane at vrightangles thereto and showing a porf tion of the cylinder and piston; Fig.lis a view in sectional elevation, partly f schematic', whichillustrates certain features tion of the piston is shown at A, saidpiston operating in the cylinder 3. Located -for- .wardly of thecylinder 3, and suitably at-l tached to said cylinder and the casing 2is a casting 5 upon which isV supported the valve and other associatedmechanism, said casting being preferably made hollow as shown so as toprovide a water jacket for the parts which are liable to becomesuperheated during the operation of the engine.

This casting 5 is provided with a conically formed recess 6, which leadsinto vthe explosion chamber 7. Located at right angles to the valvechamber 7, and extending transto the drawings, and parversely-into thecasting 5 is a recess 8 pro# vided with a shoulder 9 upon which rests amember l0' which carries the 4valve mechanism. rllhe member 10 may beformed. in two parts for convenience of assemblage and is provided witha flange l1 which 'rests upon a shoulder l2 formed exteriorly of thecasting.

Extending upwardly into the casting; 5 and suitably secured therein is afitting 13, j

said tting comprising the flange-lflvwhich engages the casting 5, so asto form the Water cooling space 15,1'an`d said fitting hiaving anupwardly extending' intake and exhaust pipe 16. Mounted-upon the upperend of the' pipe 16 and adapted to be detaohablyse-V cured thereto-is atubular cap piece i7., said cap piecebeing provided with a plurality ofcircularly disposedlaminations 18. The .upper'end'of this cap piece isformed into a valve `seat i9, -with which 'cooperates a ,otal support'46, and to the opposite-end. of

` exterlo'r. ribs or l'aminations21. .The stem4 cured thereto,

the member v to a position exteriorly'theres` of and within said memberis provnded with' a circular bracket 23 which. is suitably seand resting.upon ae shtmlde` 24-frmed upon said stem.- The lower end of the bracket-23 is provided Withav fiang'e' 25 upo'n vwhich rests a coil extensilesprmg i -26, the. opposite end-of said -spring engag# ber 10;

- thereinto is an -air inletfpipe 30W .haast pipe 1.6 and the vided upona cam member 41 ing a shoulder 27 4formed within the mem.-

Formed in the lower portion. of the fitting 14 is a-horizontallydisposed tubular'valve chamber 28, into which leads theintake andexhaust pipe 16,.and leading from this valve chamber is an exhaust pipe29 and leading Thenumeral! 31Ain the present instance indicates a.sliding 'piston-s valve, which fits nicely into the interior`of thevalve cham;v ber 28 and. has a gas-tightA sliding. engage-.-

- ment withthe inner wall, thereof. Thevalve 31 is adapted to vshut oiboth the. exhaust ipe 29. andthe inlet. pipe 3.0, there-being a orwardlyextending portion 32 which rests over the -portL33 into which leads theinlet `pipe 30, when the parts are in the position shown in Fig,..1..This forwardlyextending part 32. forms a part-ot a partition 3 4',which 31, is moved forwardly in the valve chamberf28 by means whichlwill hereinafter Vbe described, operates to. close communication betweenthe intake and e.X, exhaust pipe 29. When they valve 31isein itsforwardposition to vclose the exhaust pipe. 29, the intake pipe30w.i1l.- be opened whereby communication will be establishedbetweensaid pipe 30 and the.: intake and exhaust pipe 16. Illhe'valve 31has attached.. thereto a stem 35 which-'exi'- tendsjthrough. the endwall 360i, the valve chamber28, and pivoted-'to the. outer end of thisstem at 37 yis a .link 38, said being, in turn, pivoted at 39 to a.-erank arm 40 pro.-

which is carried. upon: a shaft42, and fastened. thereto as by meansof.- the-key 43;A Shaft 42 is adapt ed to be driven from the crank shaftofthe engine by anyI suitable means. Cam member 41 which is shown inFig. 2 has-resting thereon. an anti-friction roller 44 which` isjournaled 'upon one; enjd. of lever. 45,. said lever being. journaleduponl ajsuitable pivtlnslever at 4'7' is pivoted a link 48., Thelopposite and of link'48 is. pivoted at 49 to onef end of alever 50-journaled at 51 upon an arm 5 2 carried upon. the;valve supporting-lnemberv 10, and the opposite end of le'- ,53. xed uln the stem 22. ofthe valve 2 0.-

` It. will.

ver.'50 is. recelved between collars 5,3- and noted' that the, spring26,

fitting 685 is.- a branch pipe v'73 w from the compressed air pipe 64.Valve just des(`:1y'ibed,` maintains the valve 20 against: ita'i seat19, and' alsoholds theantifriction-relier 44'- in engagement with thecam 41'. And it will be further noted that .arotationf-o'f the shaft 42will, through the ,crank arm. 40 and the cam 41, operate thevalves-31andf2'0 respectively, the operation of these valves beingsotimed and propor- "tioned' that they will perform .their intendedfunctions...` 5"., -,h .j

Extending transversely through 'the casting 5 is an aperture 5,4, saidaperture being located. adjacent and opposite the laminations 1.71,ofYthetubul'ar cap piece 18 and also.. opposite" and adjacent. thetlaminated portions 21 of'the valve 20 `for a purpose which will beapparent hereinafter. v

Referring now, to Fig.. 4 .of the4 drawings,

. .there is positioned in the'aperture 54A a hol'- -I provided withavalveI seat 56 with which co operates a puppetvalve57, said valve beingcarried upon a stem- 5.8 which extends lo tudinally through the fitting55.. -The vavle 57. isnormally-held in the positionshown by a. coilspring 59 which engages a collar 60 turn. impingmg against `a shou der61 formed interiorly of a conicall formed nozzlemember 62 .which iscarrie interiorly of the fitting 55. and has a mouth ranged in`alinement with theV haust port of vtheitting 55. Leading into thelinterior of 'the nozzle member 62. is a pipe 64 which leads from asuitable source of compressed air which, in the present in stance, isrepresented by the lcompressed air tanks. 65, there being a valve 66interposed valued exbetween` the pipe 64 and said tanks.

. Extendingthrough the wallof the casing of. which extendsoutwardly to aposifastened upon the stem 58, saidsfliringyin.

or port arinftheinterest of cleartion exterior to-'the fitting 68; saidpin valve being. normallyheld closed as by means of an! v'extensilespr1ng.'72. Leadin Ainto the ich leads isfadapted tobe operated by.means oi a bell crank lever Z4 pivoted asatl. Attached to the op ositoarm ofsaid bell crank'lever isarod. 7, the upper end of which isprovidedwith. an anti-'friction'.roller 78 with which is' adapted to.coperatie a cam member 79. carried u on. a. transversely extend-80.,.Sai` Statt being. adapted. te be Lied-ave suitably driven from vtheengine by means not shown herein. The valve 57 is also operated fromthis shaft 80 by means of'a bell crank lever 81 and a rod 82, the upperend of which is provided With an' anti-friction roller 83 which engagesa cam 84, said cam being preferably slidably mounted upon the shaft 80for a reason which will be apparent hereinafter.

rlhe reference numeral 85 indicates a spark plug which extendstransversely through the Wall of the casting 5 and into the explosionchamber 7, said spark plug being adapted to be operated from the camshaft 80 as by means of the rod 86 and lever 87, a cam 88 slidablymounted upon the shaft coperating With an anti-friction roller 89 uponthe rod 86 to accomplish such operation. lt Will thus be seen that arotation of the shaft 80 Will operate both the valves 57 and 70, andWill also operate, the sparking device 85.

90 and 91 respectively indicate fuel tanks, the tank 90 in the presentinstance being designed to contain a relatively volatile fuel such asgasolene Which is 'designed to be used in the starting operation, aswill hereinafter be described, and the tank 91 being v designed tocontain a relatively heavy oil With which the engine is to be regularlyoperated. Leading from these ta-nks are pipes 92 and 93, respectivelywhich merge into a co-mmon pipe 94, each of pipes 92 and 93 beingindependently valved -as at 95 and 96 respectively.l It is intended thatone of the valves 95 and `96 shall be closed While the other is open,and l have shown herein diagrammatically valve operating arms 97 and 98respectively which are connected by a link 99, which link is adapted tobe operated by means of a lever'100.- By means of this construction itWill be seen that When one valve is open the other will bel closed. Pipe94 is provided with a valve 101 which is adapted to be automaticallycontrolled as by means of a governor 102 driven from a beveled gearWheel 103 ofthe shaft 80, and is also provided with a check valve 104.

105 illustrates theI cylinder of a fuel pump, the piston 106 of Which isconnected by means of a link 107 with an eccentric device 108 upon theshaft 80, so that'duringI the rotation of the shaft the piston 106 willbe reciprocated to pump the fuel from either of the tanks 90 or 91.Leading from the pump 105 is a pipe 109 provided with a check valve 110and leading from Athis pipe is a pipe 111vvhich enters the fitting 68.Pipe 109 also'leads through a valve 112 to pipe 113, Which entersthe'litting 55.

Having thus described this embodiment -of my invention, the operationthereof Will now be described, and'this description will first havereference tothe method of starting the engine. v

In starting engines of this character, it is customary to bar back theengine, that is to say, the fly Wheel of the engine is movedmechanically until thepiston is carried to the inner end of thecylinder. When this operation has been performed in the presentstructure, with the valves 95 and 112 open, the fuel pump will have beenoperated suciently to force a quantity of the volatile fuel from thetank 90 through the pipes 92, 94, 109, 113, and 111 into the fittings 55and 68. The cam shaft 80 Will also have revolved sufficiently to causethe cam 84 and its asociated mechanism to open the valve 57 Thecompressed air is now turned on at. the valve 66 land flows through thepipe 64 into the nozzle member 62, and thence into the explosion chamber7. rllhis compressed air, passing through the nozzle member 62,

has an inspiring action on the volatile fuel in the fitting 55, wherebysaid fuel is carried ito the explosion chamber in the form l 'spark plug85 will be operated by the cam 88, to explode the mixture wherebyadditional impetus Will be given the piston. Just prior to thecompletion of the initial `stroke of the piston, and prior to ignitionof the explosive mixture, the cam 79 engages the roller 78 whereby thevalve 70 Will be opened and a quantity of the volatile fuel in atomizedform vvill be projected into the explosion chamber. rllhis Will furtherenrich the mixture which is to be exploded.V

The return stroke of the piston Will force the products of combustionout through the intake and exhaust pipe 16, the valve chamber 28 and theexhaust pipe 29. The engine will thereafter operate in the same manneras an ordinary four-cycle engine, the volatile fuel in the tank 90 beingutilized as thel fuel to form the explosive mixture with the airentering the explosion chamber through the intake and exhaust pipe 16.The engine is operated in the above described manner until thelaminations 18 and 21 on the cap piece 17 and the valve 2O respectivelyhave been highly heated by the repeated explosions, that is, until saidlaminated portions Aare hot enough to ignite the explosive mixtureformed b v the relatively heavy oil in the tank 91 and the air enteringthrough the inlet pipe 30 and the intake and exhaust pipe 16. Thelaminations upon the valve',v

therefore more readily ignite the gases.y

. When this condition exists the cams 84 and 88 arel slid 'along' shaft80 to--a position where they will not engage with the rollers` 83 and'89 respectively. The lever 100 is now Loperated to close the valve 95and simultaneously open the valve 96, and the valve 112 is also closed,it being understood that -the valve 66 has already been closed, as itwill not be necessary to use the compressed air as a starting forceexcept for the initial stroke of the piston, the heatingoperationthreafter being effected by the explosive mixture formed by thevolatile fuel. The

f engine will now operate with the heavy oil as a fuel and the repeatedexplosions will operate to maintain the laminated portions 17 and 21heated to such a degree as will enable them to ignite the explosivemixture under compression. It may be noted that the piston only operatesto compress the air within the explosive chamber and cylinder which hasbeen admitted through the intake and exhaust pipe 16 and that justbefore the end of the compression stroke of the piston the relativelyheavy fuel is projected into the cylinder through the fitting 68. Thisinstantly mixes with the compressed air and forms the explosive mixturewhich is ignited Y by the heated laminated portions of the cap andtheexhaust from a cylinder 116. In

this case, both the cylinders 116 and 3 uti' lize for exhaust purposesthe common exhaust pipe 29; p

It will accordingly be seen that I have provided an engine of the typedescribed which is exceedingly simple in construction and operation, thenumber of parts usually vemployed in engines of this character beinggreatly diminished.. Oneadvantage inherent in my construction resides inthe fact that I have provided a starting device which will operate witha minimum of consumption of compressed air. The ignition means,

'while exceedingly simple in construction, is

nevertheless certain iny operation, since the parts being alwaysmaintained heated to a degree sufficient to ignite the explosivemixture, any chance of aeylinder missing fire is entirely eliminated.- y

It is especially pointed out that the use of the opening 16 andthe'niember 17 as a combined inlet and exhaust passage is especiallydesirable and effective for the reason that the ingoingv air isheated toa high temperature from the walls of the opening, which walls. aremaintained, heated. by the.. exhaust.

ing products of combustion. The air passes into the cylinder orcombustion chamber in a heated condition and therefore readily mixeswith the atoinized fuel within the chamber. The same heated member whichheats this ingoing air is situated so as to A stand in the path of theincoming fuel oil,

and the heated condition of the member transforms the oil into a vaporwithin the chamber directly where the heated air enters, and these twofuel constituents readily combine to produce an efficient combustiblemixture within the chamber.

Though I have shown and described the opening 16' to be adapted for thepassage of pure air, and the opening 67 to be adapted, for the passageof a fuel oil formixing with the air in the combustion chamber, it isapparent that the spirit of my invention includes the introductionthrough the openings 16 and 67 of relatively non-combustible fuelconstituents, and that these two constituents are to be independentlyacted upon von entering thel combustion chamber so as to adapt them foran immediate and intimate mixing whereby to form a relatively highlycombustible mixture in the combustion chamber.

As many changes could be made in the above construction f and manyapparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be madewithout departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all mattercontained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawingshall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. It isalso to be understood that thelanguage used in the following claims isintended to cover all of the generic and specific features of theinvention herein described and all statements of the scope of theinvention, which as a matter of language, might be said to falltherebetween.

'Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is:

l. In apparatus of the class described, the

combinatlon with a cylinder, a piston and an explosion chamber, of acombined intake and exhaust pipe having a part projecting into theexplosion chamber, and ignition means carried by the part of saidcombined intake and exhaust pipe which projects into the explosionchamber adapted to be heated by the heat generated by the explosionwithin the explosion chamber.

2. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with a cylinder,a piston` and an explosion chamber, of a combined intake and exhaustpipe leading into the explosion chamber adapted to become heated bytheexhausting products of combustion and` thereby to heat the intakecharge, and a laminated member adjacent said combined inta'ke andexhaust pipe, the laminationspf .for controlling said opening aptemadera which are adapted to become heated by the heat generated by theexplosions within the 'explosion chamber whereby said laminations intakeand exhaust pipe, and means carried bysaid valve adapted, during theoperation of the engine, to form ignition means for the heated intakechargen 4 t. ln apparatus of' the class described, the combination witha cylinder, provided with a piston' and an explosion chamber, a pipelleadin into the explosive chamber adapted to con uct fuel oilthereinto, of a second pipe leading into the explosion chamber adaptedto conduct airl thereinto andr through which the products of combustionare discharged, whereby the second pipe is -heated and adapted to heatthe ingoing air, a valve cooperating to open and close said second pipe,and means carried by said second pipe and by said valve adapted duringthev operation of the. engine to constitute vaporizing means for the oilfrom the first mentioned pipe,

Aand to constitute ignition means for the exvplosive mixture formed bythe vaporizing oil and the heated air. l

l 45. lin an, internal' combustion engine, the' [combination wlth acylinder anda plston movable therein, of a combined inlet and exhaustopening into saidcylinder, a. valve and means adjacent said opening abetter mimng with the heated fuel tobe heated by v the hot gases passingthrough said opening and to serve as an ignition means within saidcylinder.

6. An' internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a piston, anexplosion chamber, apipe leading into the explosive chamber adapted toconductduel oil thereinto, a second pipe leading into the explosionchamber adapted to conduct air thereinto and through which the productsof combustion aredischarged whereby the second pipe is heated and isadapted to heat the ingoing air, and means carried by said second pipeadapted during the operation' of the engine to constitute vaporizingmeans for the oil from the lirst mentioned pipe,

'and to constitute ignition means for the explosive mixture formed bythe vaporized oil and the heated air.

7. An internal combustion engine comprising, a cylinder, a piston, andan explosion e amber, said explosion chamber having two openingstherein,one of said openings being adapted for the intake of one fuelconstituent, the other opening being adapted for the intake of anotherfuel constituent, and one of said openings being also adapted for theexhaust of the heated roducts of combustion, whereby the wa s of thisopening become highly heated and serve to heat the fuel constituententering therethrough, and the other opening being adapted to proj ect-its fuel constituent into contactl with the heated walls of the firstopening, whereby to adapt its fuel constituent tor constituent from thehrst opening.

l[n testimony whereof ll ax my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

Rl@ CARBUNE.

itnesses:

[Nar dnoimesom Monats Bilan.,

